Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects how well your kidneys function, and routine blood tests help monitor your condition. Here’s a guide to understanding key blood test results.
1. Kidney Function Tests
Serum Creatinine: A waste product from muscle metabolism. High levels indicate reduced kidney function.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): is calculated from serum creatinine and it is used to estimate kidney function. A lower eGFR means reduced kidney function.
- 90 or above: Normal kidney function
- 60-89: Mildly decreased kidney function
- 45-59: Mild to moderate decrease
- 30-44: Moderate to severe decrease
- 15-29: Severe decrease
- Below 15: End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD)
2. Electrolytes & Mineral Balance
Potassium (K+): High levels (hyperkalemia) can cause heart issues; low levels (hypokalemia) can cause weakness.
Sodium (Na+): Helps maintain fluid balance. Abnormal levels may indicate fluid overload or dehydration.
Calcium (Ca2+): Low levels can cause bone problems, while high levels can lead to complications.
Phosphorus (P): High levels can weaken bones and increase heart disease risk.
3. Acid-Base Balance
Bicarbonate (HCO3-): Helps regulate blood pH. Low levels may indicate metabolic acidosis, common in CKD.
4. Blood Count Tests
Hemoglobin (Hb): A measure of red blood cells. Low hemoglobin (anemia) is common in CKD and can cause fatigue.
Hematocrit (Hct): The percentage of red blood cells in your blood. Low levels may indicate anemia.
5. Waste Product Levels
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): A waste product from protein breakdown. High levels suggest decreased kidney function.
Uric Acid: High levels may cause gout or kidney stones.
6. Blood Sugar & Lipid Levels
Glucose (Blood Sugar): High levels may indicate diabetes, a common cause of CKD.
Cholesterol (LDL, HDL, Triglycerides): Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in your blood and cells. High levels increase heart disease risk, which is higher in CKD patients.
7. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Helps regulate calcium and phosphorus balance. High levels in CKD may indicate secondary hyperparathyroidism, which can lead to bone disease.
What to Do Next?
• Review with Your Doctor: Discuss your results and any necessary lifestyle or medication changes.
• Monitor Diet & Medications: Follow a kidney-friendly diet and take prescribed medications as directed.
• Stay Hydrated: Maintain proper fluid intake as recommended by your doctor.
Understanding your blood test results empowers you to take charge of your CKD management. If you have any concerns, consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.